Core benchmark: double_oscillator

This page presents benchmark results for the double_oscillator problem across different platforms and configurations.

Note

The linear solver is MUMPS for CPU experiments and CUDSS for GPU experiments.

Ubuntu Latest CPU

This benchmark suite evaluates optimal control problems on a standard CPU platform using GitHub Actions runners.

⚙️ Configuration

  • Problems: balanced_field, beam, brachistochrone, bryson_denham, chain, dielectrophoretic_particle, double_oscillator, ducted_fan, electric_vehicle, glider, insurance, jackson, mountain_car, robbins, robot, rocket, space_shuttle, steering, vanderpol

  • Solvers: ipopt, madnlp

  • Models: adnlp, exa, jump

  • Grid sizes: 200, 500, 1000 discretization points

  • Discretization: trapeze method

  • Tolerance: 1.0e-8

  • Ipopt strategy: adaptive barrier parameter

  • Limits: 1000 iterations max, 500.0s wall time

🖥️ Environment

📅 Timestamp     : 2026-03-11 14:47:54 UTC
🔧 Julia version : 1.12.5
💻 OS            : Linux
🖥️ Machine       : runnervm0kj6c

You can download the exact environment used for this benchmark:

These files allow you to reproduce the benchmark environment and results exactly.

Julia Version 1.12.5
Commit 5fe89b8ddc1 (2026-02-09 16:05 UTC)
Build Info:
  Official https://julialang.org release
Platform Info:
  OS: Linux (x86_64-linux-gnu)
  CPU: 4 × AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
  WORD_SIZE: 64
  LLVM: libLLVM-18.1.7 (ORCJIT, znver3)
  GC: Built with stock GC
Threads: 1 default, 1 interactive, 1 GC (on 4 virtual cores)
Environment:
  JULIA_PKG_SERVER_REGISTRY_PREFERENCE = eager
Project CTBenchmarks v0.4.1
Status `~/work/CTBenchmarks.jl/CTBenchmarks.jl/Project.toml`
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Info Packages marked with  have new versions available but compatibility constraints restrict them from upgrading. To see why use `status --outdated`
Project CTBenchmarks v0.4.1
Status `~/work/CTBenchmarks.jl/CTBenchmarks.jl/Manifest.toml`
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Info Packages marked with  and  have new versions available. Those with  may be upgradable, but those with  are restricted by compatibility constraints from upgrading. To see why use `status --outdated -m`

📈 Time vs Grid Size (Ubuntu Latest CPU)

🧭 Solution: N = 200 (Ubuntu Latest CPU)

🧭 Solution: N = 500 (Ubuntu Latest CPU)

🧭 Solution: N = 1000 (Ubuntu Latest CPU)

📊 Table of Results (Ubuntu Latest CPU)

Problem: double_oscillator

SuccessNModelSolverTime (ms)ItersObjectiveCriterionBest
200adnlpipopt18.25150.000910min
200adnlpmadnlp16.79950.000910min
200exaipopt11.10450.000910min
200examadnlp7.97650.000910min
200jumpipopt10.01950.000910min
200jumpmadnlp8.01050.000910min
SuccessNModelSolverTime (ms)ItersObjectiveCriterionBest
500adnlpipopt42.85050.000911min
500adnlpmadnlp48.61160.000911min
500exaipopt25.42950.000911min
500examadnlp21.64860.000911min
500jumpipopt21.58450.000911min
500jumpmadnlp20.18360.000911min
SuccessNModelSolverTime (ms)ItersObjectiveCriterionBest
1000adnlpipopt87.94550.000911min
1000adnlpmadnlp99.52760.000911min
1000exaipopt49.16250.000911min
1000examadnlp43.15560.000911min
1000jumpipopt41.22350.000911min
1000jumpmadnlp39.74260.000911min
Benchmarks results:

┌─ Problem: double_oscillator
│
├──┬ Solver: ipopt, Discretization: trapeze
│  │
│  │  N = 200
│  │  ✓ | jump     | time:  10.019 ms | iters: 5     | obj: 9.103362e-04  (min) | CPU:   7.89 KiB
│  │  ✓ | adnlp    | time:  18.251 ms | iters: 5     | obj: 9.103362e-04  (min) | CPU:   5.19 MiB
│  │  ✓ | exa      | time:  11.104 ms | iters: 5     | obj: 9.103362e-04  (min) | CPU: 102.86 KiB
│  │
│  │  N = 500
│  │  ✓ | jump     | time:  21.584 ms | iters: 5     | obj: 9.109230e-04  (min) | CPU:   7.89 KiB
│  │  ✓ | adnlp    | time:  42.850 ms | iters: 5     | obj: 9.109230e-04  (min) | CPU:  12.91 MiB
│  │  ✓ | exa      | time:  25.429 ms | iters: 5     | obj: 9.109230e-04  (min) | CPU: 213.23 KiB
│  │
│  │  N = 1000
│  │  ✓ | jump     | time:  41.223 ms | iters: 5     | obj: 9.110069e-04  (min) | CPU:   7.89 KiB
│  │  ✓ | adnlp    | time:  87.945 ms | iters: 5     | obj: 9.110069e-04  (min) | CPU:  25.77 MiB
│  │  ✓ | exa      | time:  49.162 ms | iters: 5     | obj: 9.110069e-04  (min) | CPU: 396.61 KiB
│  └─
│
├──┬ Solver: madnlp, Discretization: trapeze
│  │
│  │  N = 200
│  │  ✓ | jump     | time:   8.010 ms | iters: 5     | obj: 9.103362e-04  (min) | CPU:   2.39 MiB
│  │  ✓ | adnlp    | time:  16.799 ms | iters: 5     | obj: 9.103362e-04  (min) | CPU:   6.78 MiB
│  │  ✓ | exa      | time:   7.976 ms | iters: 5     | obj: 9.103362e-04  (min) | CPU:   2.71 MiB
│  │
│  │  N = 500
│  │  ✓ | jump     | time:  20.183 ms | iters: 6     | obj: 9.109230e-04  (min) | CPU:   5.77 MiB
│  │  ✓ | adnlp    | time:  48.611 ms | iters: 6     | obj: 9.109230e-04  (min) | CPU:  18.77 MiB
│  │  ✓ | exa      | time:  21.648 ms | iters: 6     | obj: 9.109230e-04  (min) | CPU:   6.72 MiB
│  │
│  │  N = 1000
│  │  ✓ | jump     | time:  39.742 ms | iters: 6     | obj: 9.110069e-04  (min) | CPU:  11.60 MiB
│  │  ✓ | adnlp    | time:  99.527 ms | iters: 6     | obj: 9.110069e-04  (min) | CPU:  37.36 MiB
│  │  ✓ | exa      | time:  43.155 ms | iters: 6     | obj: 9.110069e-04  (min) | CPU:  13.26 MiB
│  └─
└─

KKT CPU

Results on self-hosted KKT hardware.

⚙️ Configuration

  • Problems: balanced_field, beam, brachistochrone, bryson_denham, chain, dielectrophoretic_particle, double_oscillator, ducted_fan, electric_vehicle, glider, insurance, jackson, mountain_car, robbins, robot, rocket, space_shuttle, steering, vanderpol

  • Solvers: ipopt, madnlp

  • Models: adnlp, exa, jump

  • Grid sizes: 200, 500, 1000, 2000 discretization points

  • Discretization: trapeze method

  • Tolerance: 1.0e-8

  • Ipopt strategy: adaptive barrier parameter

  • Limits: 1000 iterations max, 500.0s wall time

🖥️ Environment

📅 Timestamp     : 2026-03-11 01:25:20 UTC
🔧 Julia version : 1.12.4
💻 OS            : Linux
🖥️ Machine       : kkt.mcs.anl.gov

You can download the exact environment used for this benchmark:

These files allow you to reproduce the benchmark environment and results exactly.

Julia Version 1.12.4
Commit 01a2eadb047 (2026-01-06 16:56 UTC)
Build Info:
  Official https://julialang.org release
Platform Info:
  OS: Linux (x86_64-linux-gnu)
  CPU: 192 × INTEL(R) XEON(R) PLATINUM 8568Y+
  WORD_SIZE: 64
  LLVM: libLLVM-18.1.7 (ORCJIT, sapphirerapids)
  GC: Built with stock GC
Threads: 1 default, 1 interactive, 1 GC (on 192 virtual cores)
Environment:
  JULIA_CUDSS_LIBRARY_PATH = /software/libcudss/libcudss-linux-x86_64-0.7.1.4_cuda13-archive/lib
  JULIA_LOAD_PATH = @:@v#.#:@stdlib:/software/julia/environments/v1.12
  JULIA_PKG_SERVER_REGISTRY_PREFERENCE = eager
  JULIA_DEPOT_PATH = /storage/mschanen/github-actions/julia_depot
  LD_LIBRARY_PATH = /software/julia/julia_binaries/julia-1.12/lib:/software/mpich-ofi/lib:/software/libcudss/libcudss-linux-x86_64-0.7.1.4_cuda13-archive/lib:/usr/local/cuda/lib
Project CTBenchmarks v0.3.1
Status `/storage/mschanen/github-actions/actions_runner_ct/_work/CTBenchmarks.jl/CTBenchmarks.jl/Project.toml`
  [6e4b80f9] BenchmarkTools v1.6.3
 [54762871] CTBase v0.16.2
  [052768ef] CUDA v5.10.1
  [a93c6f00] DataFrames v1.8.1
  [ffbed154] DocStringExtensions v0.9.5
  [b6b21f68] Ipopt v1.14.1
  [682c06a0] JSON v1.4.0
  [4076af6c] JuMP v1.30.0
 [d72a61cc] MadNLPGPU v0.7.18
  [3b83494e] MadNLPMumps v0.5.1
  [f4238b75] NLPModelsIpopt v0.11.2
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  [59046045] OptimalControlProblems v0.5.0
  [91a5bcdd] Plots v1.41.6
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  [bd369af6] Tables v1.12.1
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  [44cfe95a] Pkg v1.12.1
  [de0858da] Printf v1.11.0
  [6462fe0b] Sockets v1.11.0
Info Packages marked with  have new versions available but compatibility constraints restrict them from upgrading. To see why use `status --outdated`
Project CTBenchmarks v0.3.1
Status `/storage/mschanen/github-actions/actions_runner_ct/_work/CTBenchmarks.jl/CTBenchmarks.jl/Manifest.toml`
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Info Packages marked with  and  have new versions available. Those with  may be upgradable, but those with  are restricted by compatibility constraints from upgrading. To see why use `status --outdated -m`

📈 Time vs Grid Size (KKT CPU)

🧭 Solution: N = 200 (KKT CPU)

🧭 Solution: N = 500 (KKT CPU)

🧭 Solution: N = 1000 (KKT CPU)

🧭 Solution: N = 2000 (KKT CPU)

📊 Table of Results (KKT CPU)

Problem: double_oscillator

SuccessNModelSolverTime (ms)ItersObjectiveCriterionBest
200adnlpipopt12.81850.000910min
200adnlpmadnlp11.71850.000910min
200exaipopt7.34550.000910min
200examadnlp5.26350.000910min
200jumpipopt6.55150.000910min
200jumpmadnlp4.96650.000910min
SuccessNModelSolverTime (ms)ItersObjectiveCriterionBest
500adnlpipopt29.45650.000911min
500adnlpmadnlp33.05860.000911min
500exaipopt16.47550.000911min
500examadnlp14.54460.000911min
500jumpipopt13.89850.000911min
500jumpmadnlp13.25860.000911min
SuccessNModelSolverTime (ms)ItersObjectiveCriterionBest
1000adnlpipopt56.81350.000911min
1000adnlpmadnlp64.11960.000911min
1000exaipopt31.93650.000911min
1000examadnlp28.40060.000911min
1000jumpipopt26.47250.000911min
1000jumpmadnlp25.90960.000911min
SuccessNModelSolverTime (ms)ItersObjectiveCriterionBest
2000adnlpipopt115.63750.000911min
2000adnlpmadnlp169.34860.000911min
2000exaipopt62.85550.000911min
2000examadnlp136.64860.000911min
2000jumpipopt50.66550.000911min
2000jumpmadnlp94.33960.000911min
Benchmarks results:

┌─ Problem: double_oscillator
│
├──┬ Solver: ipopt, Discretization: trapeze
│  │
│  │  N = 200
│  │  ✓ | jump     | time:   6.551 ms | iters: 5     | obj: 9.103362e-04  (min) | CPU:   7.89 KiB
│  │  ✓ | adnlp    | time:  12.818 ms | iters: 5     | obj: 9.103362e-04  (min) | CPU:   5.19 MiB
│  │  ✓ | exa      | time:   7.345 ms | iters: 5     | obj: 9.103362e-04  (min) | CPU: 102.86 KiB
│  │
│  │  N = 500
│  │  ✓ | jump     | time:  13.898 ms | iters: 5     | obj: 9.109230e-04  (min) | CPU:   7.89 KiB
│  │  ✓ | adnlp    | time:  29.456 ms | iters: 5     | obj: 9.109230e-04  (min) | CPU:  12.91 MiB
│  │  ✓ | exa      | time:  16.475 ms | iters: 5     | obj: 9.109230e-04  (min) | CPU: 213.23 KiB
│  │
│  │  N = 1000
│  │  ✓ | jump     | time:  26.472 ms | iters: 5     | obj: 9.110069e-04  (min) | CPU:   7.89 KiB
│  │  ✓ | adnlp    | time:  56.813 ms | iters: 5     | obj: 9.110069e-04  (min) | CPU:  25.77 MiB
│  │  ✓ | exa      | time:  31.936 ms | iters: 5     | obj: 9.110069e-04  (min) | CPU: 396.61 KiB
│  │
│  │  N = 2000
│  │  ✓ | jump     | time:  50.665 ms | iters: 5     | obj: 9.110279e-04  (min) | CPU:   7.89 KiB
│  │  ✓ | adnlp    | time: 115.637 ms | iters: 5     | obj: 9.110279e-04  (min) | CPU:  51.49 MiB
│  │  ✓ | exa      | time:  62.855 ms | iters: 5     | obj: 9.110279e-04  (min) | CPU: 763.80 KiB
│  └─
│
├──┬ Solver: madnlp, Discretization: trapeze
│  │
│  │  N = 200
│  │  ✓ | jump     | time:   4.966 ms | iters: 5     | obj: 9.103362e-04  (min) | CPU:   2.39 MiB
│  │  ✓ | adnlp    | time:  11.718 ms | iters: 5     | obj: 9.103362e-04  (min) | CPU:   6.78 MiB
│  │  ✓ | exa      | time:   5.263 ms | iters: 5     | obj: 9.103362e-04  (min) | CPU:   2.71 MiB
│  │
│  │  N = 500
│  │  ✓ | jump     | time:  13.258 ms | iters: 6     | obj: 9.109230e-04  (min) | CPU:   5.77 MiB
│  │  ✓ | adnlp    | time:  33.058 ms | iters: 6     | obj: 9.109230e-04  (min) | CPU:  18.77 MiB
│  │  ✓ | exa      | time:  14.544 ms | iters: 6     | obj: 9.109230e-04  (min) | CPU:   6.72 MiB
│  │
│  │  N = 1000
│  │  ✓ | jump     | time:  25.909 ms | iters: 6     | obj: 9.110069e-04  (min) | CPU:  11.60 MiB
│  │  ✓ | adnlp    | time:  64.119 ms | iters: 6     | obj: 9.110069e-04  (min) | CPU:  37.36 MiB
│  │  ✓ | exa      | time:  28.400 ms | iters: 6     | obj: 9.110069e-04  (min) | CPU:  13.26 MiB
│  │
│  │  N = 2000
│  │  ✓ | jump     | time:  94.339 ms | iters: 6     | obj: 9.110279e-04  (min) | CPU:  23.30 MiB
│  │  ✓ | adnlp    | time: 169.348 ms | iters: 6     | obj: 9.110279e-04  (min) | CPU:  74.57 MiB
│  │  ✓ | exa      | time: 136.648 ms | iters: 6     | obj: 9.110279e-04  (min) | CPU:  26.38 MiB
│  └─
└─

KKT GPU

Results on self-hosted KKT hardware.

⚙️ Configuration

  • Problems: balanced_field, beam, brachistochrone, bryson_denham, chain, dielectrophoretic_particle, double_oscillator, ducted_fan, electric_vehicle, glider, insurance, jackson, mountain_car, robbins, robot, rocket, space_shuttle, steering, vanderpol

  • Solvers: madnlp

  • Models: exa, exa_gpu

  • Grid sizes: 1000, 5000, 10000, 20000 discretization points

  • Discretization: midpoint method

  • Tolerance: 1.0e-8

  • Ipopt strategy: adaptive barrier parameter

  • Limits: 1000 iterations max, 2000.0s wall time

🖥️ Environment

📅 Timestamp     : 2026-03-10 19:50:42 UTC
🔧 Julia version : 1.12.4
💻 OS            : Linux
🖥️ Machine       : kkt.mcs.anl.gov

You can download the exact environment used for this benchmark:

These files allow you to reproduce the benchmark environment and results exactly.

Julia Version 1.12.4
Commit 01a2eadb047 (2026-01-06 16:56 UTC)
Build Info:
  Official https://julialang.org release
Platform Info:
  OS: Linux (x86_64-linux-gnu)
  CPU: 192 × INTEL(R) XEON(R) PLATINUM 8568Y+
  WORD_SIZE: 64
  LLVM: libLLVM-18.1.7 (ORCJIT, sapphirerapids)
  GC: Built with stock GC
Threads: 1 default, 1 interactive, 1 GC (on 192 virtual cores)
Environment:
  JULIA_CUDSS_LIBRARY_PATH = /software/libcudss/libcudss-linux-x86_64-0.7.1.4_cuda13-archive/lib
  JULIA_LOAD_PATH = @:@v#.#:@stdlib:/software/julia/environments/v1.12
  JULIA_PKG_SERVER_REGISTRY_PREFERENCE = eager
  JULIA_DEPOT_PATH = /storage/mschanen/github-actions/julia_depot
  LD_LIBRARY_PATH = /software/julia/julia_binaries/julia-1.12/lib:/software/mpich-ofi/lib:/software/libcudss/libcudss-linux-x86_64-0.7.1.4_cuda13-archive/lib:/usr/local/cuda/lib
Project CTBenchmarks v0.3.1
Status `/storage/mschanen/github-actions/actions_runner_ct/_work/CTBenchmarks.jl/CTBenchmarks.jl/Project.toml`
  [6e4b80f9] BenchmarkTools v1.6.3
 [54762871] CTBase v0.16.2
  [052768ef] CUDA v5.10.1
  [a93c6f00] DataFrames v1.8.1
  [ffbed154] DocStringExtensions v0.9.5
  [b6b21f68] Ipopt v1.14.1
  [682c06a0] JSON v1.4.0
  [4076af6c] JuMP v1.30.0
 [d72a61cc] MadNLPGPU v0.7.18
  [3b83494e] MadNLPMumps v0.5.1
  [f4238b75] NLPModelsIpopt v0.11.2
 [5f98b655] OptimalControl v1.1.6
  [59046045] OptimalControlProblems v0.5.0
  [91a5bcdd] Plots v1.41.6
  [10745b16] Statistics v1.11.1
  [bd369af6] Tables v1.12.1
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  [44cfe95a] Pkg v1.12.1
  [de0858da] Printf v1.11.0
  [6462fe0b] Sockets v1.11.0
Info Packages marked with  have new versions available but compatibility constraints restrict them from upgrading. To see why use `status --outdated`
Project CTBenchmarks v0.3.1
Status `/storage/mschanen/github-actions/actions_runner_ct/_work/CTBenchmarks.jl/CTBenchmarks.jl/Manifest.toml`
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Info Packages marked with  and  have new versions available. Those with  may be upgradable, but those with  are restricted by compatibility constraints from upgrading. To see why use `status --outdated -m`

📈 Time vs Grid Size (KKT GPU)

🧭 Solution: N = 1000 (KKT GPU)

🧭 Solution: N = 5000 (KKT GPU)

🧭 Solution: N = 10000 (KKT GPU)

🧭 Solution: N = 20000 (KKT GPU)

📊 Table of Results (KKT GPU)

Problem: double_oscillator

SuccessNModelSolverTime (ms)ItersObjectiveCriterionBest
1000examadnlp23.14160.000911min
1000exa_gpumadnlp68.84860.000911min
SuccessNModelSolverTime (ms)ItersObjectiveCriterionBest
5000examadnlp286.41560.000911min
5000exa_gpumadnlp99.41460.000909min
SuccessNModelSolverTime (ms)ItersObjectiveCriterionBest
10000examadnlp602.63460.000911min
10000exa_gpumadnlp138.83560.000907min
SuccessNModelSolverTime (ms)ItersObjectiveCriterionBest
20000examadnlp1403.06960.000911min
20000exa_gpumadnlp237.41060.000904min
Benchmarks results:

┌─ Problem: double_oscillator
│
├──┬ Solver: madnlp, Discretization: midpoint
│  │
│  │  N = 1000
│  │  ✓ | exa      | time:  23.141 ms | iters: 6     | obj: 9.110011e-04  (min) | CPU:  10.33 MiB
│  │  ✓ | exa_gpu  | time:  68.848 ms | iters: 6     | obj: 9.106227e-04  (min) | CPU:  4.810 MiB | GPU: 29.597 MiB
│  │
│  │  N = 5000
│  │  ✓ | exa      | time: 286.415 ms | iters: 6     | obj: 9.110335e-04  (min) | CPU:  50.99 MiB
│  │  ✓ | exa_gpu  | time:  99.414 ms | iters: 6     | obj: 9.091472e-04  (min) | CPU: 12.096 MiB | GPU: 148.003 MiB
│  │
│  │  N = 10000
│  │  ✓ | exa      | time: 602.634 ms | iters: 6     | obj: 9.110345e-04  (min) | CPU: 101.84 MiB
│  │  ✓ | exa_gpu  | time: 138.835 ms | iters: 6     | obj: 9.072690e-04  (min) | CPU: 19.266 MiB | GPU: 295.850 MiB
│  │
│  │  N = 20000
│  │  ✓ | exa      | time:   1.403 s  | iters: 6     | obj: 9.110348e-04  (min) | CPU: 203.53 MiB
│  │  ✓ | exa_gpu  | time: 237.410 ms | iters: 6     | obj: 9.035309e-04  (min) | CPU: 35.246 MiB | GPU: 591.574 MiB
│  └─
└─